Vitiligo Disease

There is a close relation between sunlight and skin care. Premature aging and skin cancer are two man conditions due to sun light.

Sun light is composed of different type of rays. These light are  differentiate from each other on the basis of their wave length.
Today most malicious rays present in sunlight is uvb light and uva radiation.
Both these damage genome and but in different ways, uvb damage DNA directly whereas uva indirectly.  
Why today the issue about uvb and uva are more high lighted as compare to the past.
Answer is simple one, due to the decrease in the thickness of ozone layer.

UVB light

These rays poses wave length ranger from 280nm to 315nm. Due to the shorter wave  length these have higher frequency and highly energetic rays.
These are the tanning radiations of sun.
It does not penetrate deeper into skin and affect epidermis (outer layer of skin).
When uvb light penetrate into skin it turns into energy. This is the reason that it causes tanning and when sun light contain sufficient amount of uvb light it causes burning in skin.
The intensity of uvb light is not stable and vary with seasons and time. Its strength is on its peak at extreme noon  hours of summer.

UVB Treatment

UVB light is not only hazardous to health but use in several  medical therapies for the cure of different disease and conditions.
It is specially used for the treatment of chronic skin conditions like vitiligo, psoriasis and eczema etc.
Vitiligo is a loss of pigmentation of skin. In treatment of vitiligo uvb treatment is used to enhance the pigmentation of skin.
In psoriasis growth and die cycle time of skin cells decreases to about 6 days. These dead cells instead of leaving skin, stuck up the skin surface. And an inflammation developed in skin. UVB is an effective treatment of skin and slow down the rapid growth of skin cells.

UVA Light

It is less hazardous as compare to uvb rays. Lies between wave length ranges 315nm to 400nm. Its strength in sunlight no longer remains variable. It causes brownish shade of skin when exposed to uva light. It is due to the uva that our skin becomes brown when exposed to uva light. Its energy and frequency is lower as compare to the uvb light. It is familiar regarding pre mature aging.

PUVA Treatment

PUVA treatment is rapidly being popular for many skin diseases. In this mode of treatment first affected skin is sensitized and then exposed to uva radiations.  

A chronic skin condition  which is actually a depigmentation  in skin called Vitiligo.  
Vitiligo is a serious pigmentation disorder. A huge population is suffering from this skin condition that only in USA about influenced by pigmentation disorder.

Most of the people did not know more about the word pigmentation regarding skin.

Pigmentation Disorder:

A coloring producing process of our skin. In all pigmentation process a disturbance occurs in skin coloration and white or dark spots appear on skin. Pigmentation in skin normally of two type one is depigmentation and second one hyper-pigmentation. 
Depigmentation is characterized by the white spots on skin and skin condition Vitiligo also comes under the hood of depigmentation problems of skin.
Our skins upper layer epidermis contains skin cells called melanocytes which generate a substance coloring substance called melanin. If melanocytes produce a little amount of melanin it causes  light skin. In vitiligo white patches appear on skin.
 
Most of the hyper-pigmentation problems occurs due to the uv radiations. These rays cause aging of skin and  blood vessels  expand  and causes red coloration which become an age spots due the excessive production of melanin in it.
So excess of  melanin in skin causes darken. Hence melanin plays a vital role in the pigmentation problems.

Vitiligo Causes

Hereunder we mentioned some famous theories regarding Vitiligo causations.

1. Some critical changes in  immune system that lead to the destruction of melanocytes.
2. An abnormal functioning of some nerve cells that produce a toxic material which damage melanocytes.
3. Most energetic uv rays from sun or some other resources may destroy pigment producing cells and a depigmentation spots appear.
4. Due some toxic materials in human body a self destruction of  skin coloring cells take place.
5. Depigmentation problems often runs in family, mean involvement of genetic factor.

Vitiligo general skin condition which affects about 2% of the world population. It normally starts from small white patches on skin, in most of cases those parts which are remain open to sun like hand, arms, cheeks, eye lids and feet etc. A common symptom of vitiligo is the white patches of depigmentation. These white patches appear due to the destruction of the melanocytes cell which are responsible for the pigmentation in skin.

In most of the cases vitiligo appears before age twenty and this ratio is about fifty percent of all patients of vitiligo. Vitiligo is neither infectious nor causes any pain in body except sunburn on affecting part while exposed to sun, but can lead to psychological distress because of its unsightly appearance.

Vitiligo Causes

Till today dermatologist could not understand quite the origin of vitiligo, but some hypothesis also exist about it. One say that it is autoimmunity, an anti body produced in the skin destroys its own pigment producing cell melanocytes.

Pigmentation of Skin

The pigmentation is the addition of pigments in some areas of the skin or simply the coloration of the skin. Our skin color is due to the melanin. Melanin is a pigmenting substance in the skin.

Melanocytes,  melanin and  depigmentation 

As I already mentioned above that Melanin is a dark pigment (of skin) produced by melanocytes (skin cells) and is responsible for skin color. Its characteristics are generally genetic in nature and sunlight also affects the amount of melanin in the skin. For a better understanding about it, Albinism may be considered. Albinism is a pigmentation disorder. Unlike vitiligo, it is present from birth and leads to a general lack of melanin in the skin, hair, hair and eyes.